1. What is financial leasing? Which enterprises need financial leasing?

Financing lease refers to the lessor (generally referred to as a financial leasing company or trust company) purchasing leases from the seller (e.g. an XX XX production line) according to the choice of the lessee (e.g. XX industry) to the supplier or seller (e.g. the manufacturer of an XXX production line) and providing them to the lessee for use, and the lessee pays the lease. Gold trading.

The rent of a financial lease is roughly equivalent to the total principal-interest value calculated at the market interest rate based on the purchase amount of the lease. In essence, a financial lease is equivalent to an installment purchase. In the financial leasing transaction, the lessee almost has to keep the lease. The ownership of the leased property is temporarily the lessor's until the lease is retained. The amount of retained purchase is usually a symbolic price (such as 100 yuan), through which the lessor can transfer the ownership of the leased property to the lessee.

Financial leasing generally involves three parties (lessor, lessee and supplier), and consists of at least two contracts (financial leasing contract between lessor and lessee, purchase contract between lessor and supplier), which is a comprehensive transaction of financing and integration. The buyer of the purchase contract is the lessor, but the purchasing decision-maker is the lessee. The supplier delivers the goods to the lessee in accordance with the contract of purchase.

Financial lease refers to the lease with the minimum present value of lease payment or the minimum present value of lease receipts at the beginning of lease, not less than 90% of the original book value of leased assets. (Note: This is where financial leasing and operating leasing are fundamentally different.)

2. What is business leasing?

Operational leasing is a short-term leasing form, which indicates that the lessee not only provides the right to use the equipment to the lessee, but also provides the maintenance, insurance, maintenance and other specialized technical services to the lessee (financial leasing does not need to improve this service). Operating lease is a revocable short-term lease business with incomplete payment (financial lease may not be revoked at will).

Its business characteristics are as follows: (1) the choice of leased items is decided by the lessor; (2) the leased items are generally general equipment or equipment with high technical content and fast updating speed; (3) the purpose of leasing is mainly short-term equipment; (4) the lessor not only provides leased items, but also provides necessary services; (5) put forward. The lessee always owns the ownership of the leased items and bears all the relevant interests and risks; (6) the lease term is short and the contract can be terminated in the middle; (7) the use of the leased items has certain restrictions.

3. What is the difference between financial leasing and operating leasing?

The rent of financial lease is the consideration of the use of funds. The rent consists of the principal, interest and the interest margin earned by the lessor. If the "equal principal method" is used to calculate rent, the rent decreases year by year because the interest decreases with the decrease of principal.

The rent of operating lease is the consideration of the use of items, which has no direct relationship with the cost of capital for the equipment acquired by the lessor. However, the rent charged by the lessor should be sufficient to account for depreciation of the equipment and to pay business tax. It must also be sufficient to pay the interest of the lessor on the funds for the purchase of the equipment and to make a reasonable profit.

In business leasing, the lessor can purchase the items for the lessee's use, or the lessor can purchase them for the lessee's use according to the designation of the lessee. The amount of the lease and the term of the lease can not be "saturated". At the beginning of the lease, the present value of the minimum lease payment or the minimum receipt limit shall not be greater than 90% of the original book value of the leased assets (note!). The lease term shall not exceed 75% of the useful life of the leased assets. After the end of the lease period of operating lease, the lessee has three choices for leased assets (refund, renewal and retention). The lessor should bear the residual value risk of the equipment. The reserve purchase price of operating lease shall be calculated at the fair market price.

4. How does the lessee choose financial lease and operating lease?

The choice of leasing mode depends on the needs of the lessee. Under the following circumstances, the lessee will choose to operate the lease:

1) The lessee is willing to use the operating lease even if the rent per unit time is high.

2) The lessee wishes to use more leases with the same amount of funds at the same time.

3) The lessee is in a mobile state and hopes to move lightly.

4) Other financial reasons.

5. In the following cases, the lessee is willing to adopt financial leasing:

1) The equipment used should be purchased to form fixed assets.

2) The lessee is in a relatively stable state, with little movement or relocation.

3) The strength of maintenance is strong, and it does not need the technical service provided by the lessor.

4) Not willing to bear the higher rent of operating lease.

6. How to calculate the rent of financial lease?

There are two methods for calculating financial lease rent.

1) Equal payment of annuity law;

The lessee pays the same amount of rent in each period.

2) Equal payment of principal law;

Divide the rental cost by the expected amount as the principal to be returned in each period. Interest payable in each period is calculated on the basis of the prior principal balance.

Equivalent payment of principal law is intuitive, easy to understand, very popular with the lessee. At present, most financial leasing companies adopt this rent calculation method.

7. Why do some financial leases require margins? What impact does margin have on the cost of financial leasing?

Generally speaking, financial leasing provides 100% financing facilities, or full liquidation. However, in some cases, in order to prevent the lessee from paying the lease on time because of its low credit rating, the lessor has to collect a certain percentage of the deposit from the lessee. In order to reduce the apparent interest rate of financial lease, the lessee with sufficient credit rating is willing to pay a certain proportion of the deposit before the start date, and the lessor is willing to collect a certain proportion of the deposit.

The margin, without interest, is generally used to offset the last period of rent. As the deposit has been paid before the start date, it should be deducted from the cost of the lease. This proportion is generally about 12.5%.